Everything about Carbonate Rock totally explained
Carbonate rocks are a class of
sedimentary rocks composed primarily of
carbonate minerals. The two major types are
limestone and
dolomite, composed of
calcite (CaCO
3) and the mineral
dolomite (CaMg(CO
3)
2) respectively.
Chalk and
tufa are also minor sedimentary carbonates.
Calcite can be either
dissolved by
groundwater or
precipitated by groundwater, depending on several factors including the water temperature,
pH, and dissolved
ion concentrations. Calcite exhibits an unusual characteristic called
retrograde solubility in which it becomes less soluble in water as the temperature increases.
When conditions are right for precipitation, calcite forms mineral coatings that cement the existing rock grains together or it can fill fractures.
Karst topography and
caves develop in carbonate rocks due to their
solubility in dilute
acidic
groundwater. Cooling groundwater or mixing of different groundwaters will also create conditions suitable for cave formation.
Marble is the
metamorphic carbonate rock. Rare
igneous carbonate rocks exist as
intrusive carbonatites and even more rare
volcanic carbonate
lava.
Further Information
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